ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleoside phosphate oxidases 1(NOX1) and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) in tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)-induced oxidative damage in A549 cells. METHODS: i) TNF-α was used to stimulated A549 cells at the concentrations of 0.0, 10.0, 25.0 and 50.0 μg/L. Cell inhibition rate in each group was tested by CCK-8 assay to select the appropriate concentration. ii) A549 cells in logarithmic growth phase were divided into blank control group, solvent control group, TNF-α group, diphenylene iodine(DPI) group and TNF-α+DPI group for NOX1 inhibitor experiment. Logarithmic growth phase A549 cells were divided into blank control group, TNF-α group, BAY11-7082 group and TNF-α+BAY11-7082 group for NF-κB inhibitor experiment. The relative expression of NOX1 and p65 protein in each group was detected by Western blot method. The relative expression of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS) were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: i) The inhibition rate of A549 cells increased with the increase of TNF-α dose(P<0.05), and 25.0 μg/L was selected as the stimulation dose of TNF-α in subsequent experiments. ii) The relative expression of NOX1, p65 protein and ROS in the TNF-α group was higher than that in the blank control group, solvent control group and DPI group, respectively(P<0.05). The above indexes in TNF-α+DPI group were lower than that in TNF-α group(P<0.05), but higher than that in DPI group(P<0.05). The relative expression of NOX1, p65 protein and ROS in the TNF-α group were higher than that in the blank control group and the BAY11-7082 group(P<0.05), while the above indicators in the TNF-α+BAY11-7082 group were lower than that in the TNF-α group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Inhibition of NOX1 or NF-κB can alleviate the oxidative damage induce by TNF-α in A549 cells.
ABSTRACT
Objective To describe the structure and the level of the stress of nursing students in clinic practice,and supply reference for reform of clinical teaching method.Methods Totally 100 undergraduate nursing students in clinic practice,who would graduate from nursing school and begin to work in 2013,were interviewed and investigated.Results The main stress sources were divided into five aspects:recognition,clinical nursing ability,career development,field response and exhaustion of body and mind.Conclusions The structure and level of the stress of nursing students changed a lot.Some new appropriate reform should be introduced into clinic education,in order to help nursing students to complete psychological change and role adaptation.